Surface Air Temperature
Surface air temperatures (SAT) represent one of the strongest indicators of Arctic change over the last 50 years.
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October 2021
Terrestrial Snow Cover
Snow covers the Arctic land surface (land areas north of 60° N) for up to 9 months each year, and influences the surface energy budget, ground thermal regime, and freshwater budget of the Arctic.
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Greenland Ice Sheet
The Greenland ice sheet sits atop the world’s largest island and holds the equivalent of 7.4 m of potential sea level rise. Following a period of relative stability from the 1970s to early 1990s, the ice sheet began losing ice at an accelerating rate and has now experienced annual net ice loss every year since 1998.
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Sea Surface Temperature
Summer sea surface temperatures (SST) in the Arctic Ocean are driven mainly by the amount of incoming solar radiation absorbed by the sea surface.
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Authors and Affiliations
Authors and their affiliations for all 2021 essays.
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Executive Summary
The Arctic Report Card considers a range of environmental observations throughout the Arctic, and is updated annually. As in previous years, the 2021 update highlights the changes that continue to occur in, and among, the physical and biological components of the Arctic environmental system.
Videos and Animations
Arctic Report Card videos and additional animations.
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