Arctic Report Card Errata
Arctic Report Card errata.
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Report Card 2018
Arctic Report Card 2018
Archive of the entire 2018 Report Card website.
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Clarity and Clouds: Progress in Understanding Arctic Influences on Mid-latitude Weather
As we watch the ongoing rapid loss of Arctic sea ice, freshwater ice, permafrost, and spring snow cover, the corresponding amplified warming of the Arctic region (AAW) continues to increase. These disturbing changes to a key component of the Earth’s climate system has spawned a blizzard of new studies that reveal influences of AAW on weather patterns within and beyond the Arctic.
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Harmful Algal Blooms in the Arctic
Warming air temperatures and associated major reductions in the Arctic sea ice cover are driving increases in ocean temperature and changes to circulation patterns in the region. These changes are expected to impact the biogeographic boundaries of a range of marine species. For example, it is anticipated that many organisms may migrate northward or become more abundant as air and ocean temperatures continue to warm. However, few pose such significant threats to human and ecosystem health as harmful algal bloom (HAB) species.
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Microplastics in the Marine Realms of the Arctic with Special Emphasis on Sea Ice
Marine plastic pollution is a major concern for the global oceans since an estimated 8 million tons of plastic are released from land into the ocean each year.
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Landfast Sea Ice in a Changing Arctic
Landfast ice is an essential component of the coastal sea ice system. Acting as a floating extension of the land, landfast ice is the most accessible form of sea ice and the one most often encountered by people.
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River Discharge
The Arctic Ocean contains only about 1% of global ocean volume but receives greater than 10% of global river discharge. Consequently, terrestrial influences via river inputs are much stronger in the Arctic Ocean than in other ocean basins. Rapid change in the Arctic system is altering land-ocean linkages, impacting coastal and ocean physics, chemistry, and biology.
Lake Ice
Lake ice is an important component of the cryosphere for several weeks to several months of the year in high-latitude regions. The presence (or absence) of ice cover on lakes during the winter months affects both regional weather and climate (e.g., thermal moderation and lake-induced snowfall). Hence, monitoring of lake ice is critical to our skill at regional forecasting.
Migratory Tundra Caribou and Wild Reindeer
The abundance of migratory herds of caribou (North America and Greenland) and wild reindeer (Russia and Norway) in circum-arctic tundra regions has declined 56% over the last two decades. Caribou and wild reindeer are a key species in the arctic food web contributing to nutrient cycling between terrestrial and aquatic systems and the abundance of predators and scavengers.
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