References
References for 2020 essays.
Report Card
Sea Surface Temperature
Summer sea surface temperatures (SST) in the Arctic Ocean are driven mainly by the amount of incoming solar radiation absorbed by the sea surface.
Sea Surface Temperature Read More »
Arctic Ocean Primary Productivity: The Response of Marine Algae to Climate Warming and Sea Ice Decline
Autotrophic single-celled algae living in sea ice (ice algae) and water column (phytoplankton) are the main primary producers in the Arctic Ocean.
Tundra Greenness
The Arctic tundra biome occupies Earth’s northernmost landmasses and forms a “wreath” of treeless vegetation that encircles the Arctic Ocean. Arctic tundra ecosystems are strongly influenced by warming air temperatures, and thus have become a focal point of global environmental change.
Executive Summary
The Arctic Report Card considers a range of environmental observations throughout the Arctic, and is updated annually. As in previous years, the 2020 update highlights the changes that continue to occur in, and among, the physical and biological components of the Arctic environmental system.